KA 4.2 Kvantitative Forskningsmetoder Forår 2010

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1 KA 4.2 Kvantitative Forskningsmetoder Forår 2010 Besvar alle spørgsmål. Brug ikke mere end én side af tekst på de åbne spørgsmål som er markeret * Answer all questions. Do not write more than one page of text for the open questions which are marked * 1 x = 1, 4, 5, 10, 10 I disse tal, hvad er: In these numbers, what is: A Mode? B Median? C Mean? D Σx 2? 2 * Hvad er den fundamentale forskel mellem eksperimentel of korrelationel forskning? What is the fundamental difference between experimental and correlational research? 3 Hvad er måleniveauet i en liste over telefonnumre? What is the level of measurement in a list of telephone numbers? 4 * Hvad er forskellen mellem standard afvigelsen og standard fejlen? What is the difference between the standard deviation and the standard error? 5 * Hvad er forskellen mellem skævhed og kurtosis? What is the difference between skewness and kurtosis? 6 Hvis korrelationen mellem eksamenspræstation og eksamensangst er -0,5, hvor meget af eksamenspræstation kunne siges at være statistisk forklaret af eksamensangst? If the correlation between exam performance and exam anxiety is -0.5, how much of exam performance can be statistically explained by exam anxiety? 7 * Under hvilke omstændigheder kunne signifikansen af en korrelation testes en-halet? Under what circumstances could the significance of a correlation be tested one-tailed? - 1 -

2 8 I en undersøgelse over hukommelse hos 102 ældre mennesker, en SPSS regression analys er gennemført, hvor skore på en hukkommelsestest er kriteriet og alder er den forudsigende variabel (predictor). Udregn fra tabellen, værdierne A, B, C, D, E og F. Hint: Alle værdierne er hele tal. In a study of memory in 102 elderly people, an SPSS regression analysis is run where score on a memory test is the criterion variable and age is the predictor variable. Calculate from the table, the values of A, B, C, D, E and F. Hint: All the values are whole numbers. ANOVA b Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F 1 Regression 20 A? D? F? Residual 500 B? E? Total 520 C? b. Criterion Variable: Score on Memory Test Predictor Variable: Age A? B? C? D? E? F? G Er regressionen statistisk signifikant? Begrund kort dit svar. Hint: Se Field 3. Udg. Side 805 Tom har en kopi. Is the regression statistically significant? Explain your answer briefly Hint: See Field, 3 rd. Ed. Page 805 Tom has a copy. 9 Tabellen viser resultaterne fra en multiple regression. Se Field 3. Udg. side 262, Task 3. (Bed Tom om en kopi, hvis du ikke har bogen med) The Table shows the results from a multiple regression, See Field 3rd Ed. page 262, Task 3. (Ask Tom for a copy if you do not have the book with you) - 2 -

3 Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Standardized Collinearity Coefficients Coefficients Statistics B Std. Error Beta t Sig. Tolerance (Constant) Time spent watching television Use of Computer Games A??? Sibling Aggression Good Diet Parenting Style a. Dependent Variable: Aggression A Beregn den manglende værdi A. Calculate the missing value A. A? B C Hvilken prædiktor er relateret stærkeste til Agression? Forklar kort dit svar. Which predictor is most strongly related to Agression? Explain your answer briefly. Forklar kort betydningen af den lave Tolerans vardi for Good Diet. Explain briefly what the low Tolerance value for Good Diet indicates. 10 Tabellerne viser resultaterne fra en t-test, hvor Ekstraversion blev målt for grupper af fodboldspillere og billiardspillere. The tables show the results of a t-test where Extraversion was measured in groups of Footballers and Snooker-Players. Group Statistics Group N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Extraversion Footballers Snooker Players

4 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means Extraver sion Equal variances assumed Sig. (2- Mean Std. Error F Sig. t Df tailed) Difference Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper A Forklar kort, hvad kan der konkluderes fra de fremhævede værdier 4.0 og 12.0? Explain briefly what can be concluded from the highlighted numbers 4.0 and 12.0? 11 Efter et jordskælv indgår 606 personer i en undersøgelse for graden af Post- Traumatisk Stress Disorder (PTSD). De 606 personer bliver grupperet efter Alder (3 grupper) og Køn (2 grupper) og er undersøgt på 4 tidspunkter efter jordskælvet. Der er 101 personer i hver af de 6 Alder x Køn grupper. Der bliver gennemført en Faktorial Anova med PTSD som afhængig variabel. Hvor mange frihedsgrader har de følgende interaktioner? After an earthquake, 606 persons enter a study of level of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The 606 persons are grouped according to Age (3 groups) and Gender (2 groups) and they are studied at 4 Time-Points after the earthquake. There are 101 persons in each of the 6 Age x Gender groups. A Mixed Design Anova is run with PTSD as the dependent variable. How many degrees of freedom do the following interactions have? A Age x Gender B Time-Point x Age C Time-Point x Gender D Time-Point x Age x Gender The Sum of Squares for Gender is 100. The Sum of Squares for Error (= Subjects within Groups = Residual ) is E F What is the F-Ratio for Gender (=Køn)? (Hint: it is a round number) Is the F-ratio significant? (Hint Se Field, page 805 Tom has a copy) - 4 -

5 11 Tabellen viser resultatet fra en Principal Components Analysis over 6 kognitive tests. The table shows the result of a Principal Components Analysis of 6 cognitive tests. Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Forklar kort, hvorfor der kun er extracted 2 faktorer. Explain briefly why only 2 factors have been extracted. 12 Tabellen viser resultater, der skal analyseres med Pearson s Ki-i-anden. Se Field, 3. Udg. Side 723, Task 2 (Tom har en kopi) The Table shows results to be analysed with Pearson s Chi-Square. See Field, 3rd Ed. Page 723, Task 2 (Tom has a copy) How do they ride their bike? * Nationality Crosstabulation Dutch Nationality English How do they ride their bike? One Handed Count Expected Count A =? C =? Total Two Handed Count Expected Count B =? D =? Total Count Expected Count Beregn de forventede værdier A, B, C og D (Hint: der er alle hele tal) Calculate the expected values, A, B, C and D (Hint, they are all whole numbers) A = B = C = D = E Givet, at Ki-i-anden er signifikant, forklar meget kort, hvad der kan konkluderes. Given that the Chi-Square is significant, explain very briefly what can be concluded